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Vol. 51 No. 3, 2012
Naupliar Development of an Ancorabolid, Paralaophontodes sp. (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) Sheds Light on Harpacticoid Evolution
Supawadee Chullasorn1, Hans-U. Dahms2, Nozomu Iwasaki3, Pawana Kangtia2, Frank D. Ferrari4, Hyoung Joo Jeon5, and Wan-Xi Yang6,*
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
2Green Life Science Department, College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University 7, Seoul 110-743, South Korea
3Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, Usa-cho, Tosa, Kochi 781-1164, Japan
4National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA
5National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 114-3, South Korea
6The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Zi Jin Gang Campus, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd.,
Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
Supawadee Chullasorn, Hans-U. Dahms, Nozomu Iwasaki,
Pawana Kangtia, Frank D. Ferrari, Hyoung Joo Jeon, and Wan-Xi
Yang (2012)
Loss of the naupliar arthrite during the molt to naupliar stage (N) VI
provides a developmental apomorphy for all Harpacticoida and sheds
light on the evolution within this diverse copepod taxon. Naupliar
development of Paralaophontodes
sp. is unusual because the bud of swimming legs 1 and 2 does not bear
setae at N VI and because the naupliar arthrite, present on the coxa of
antenna 2 during the 1st 5 stages, fails to form during the molt to N
VI; in addition, setal elements are lost from the basis and endopod of
the mandible during this molt. This is only known from some
harpacticoid copepods belonging to Tisbe;
loss of setal elements on the mandible was also otherwise reported for
species of the Tachidiidae and Harpacticidae. Five naupliar stages of
the ancorabolid, Paralaophontodes
sp., are described. A key to the identification of the stages is
provided. Stages can be distinguished by the number of segments of theexopod
of antenna 2, setation of the limbs including the bud of the caudal
ramus, and the presence and setation of the bud of maxilla 1. This is
the 1st description of nauplii of a species belonging to the
oligoarthran family Ancorabolidae.
Key words: Naupliar characters, Evolution, Systematics, Phylogeny, Development, Ancorabolidae.
*Correspondence: Tel: 86-571-88206643. Fax: 86-571-88206485. E-mail:wxyang@spermlab.org
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