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Vol. 53, 2014
Survey of the genus Stegana
Meigen (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from Taiwan, with DNA barcodes and
descriptions of three new species
Yuan
Zhang1, Shun-Chern Tsaur2 and Hong-Wei Chen1*
1Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
2Department of Mathematics and Science, National Taiwan Normal University, New Taipei City, Linkou 24449, Taiwan
Abstract
Background: Twelve Stegana species
have been reported from Taiwan, yet only four were also recorded from
Mainland China. This may not reflect the actual fauna between both
sides of the strait. This report mainly deals with a fly collection of
the genus Stegana during a short visit to Taiwan in 2012. It represents
the most recent drosophilid faunal survey of Taiwan associating with
bleeding trees.
Results: In this study, 17 species were recognized
including three new ones and eight new records. They are Stegana (Oxyphortica) convergens (de Meijere, 1911); Stegana (Oxyphortica) nigripennis (Hendel, 1914); Stegana (Stegana) taiwana Okada, 1991; Stegana (Steganina) bacilla Chen and Aotsuka, 2004; Stegana (Steganina) chitouensis Sidorenko, 1998; Stegana (Steganina) ctenaria Nishiharu, 1979; Stegana (Steganina) euryphylla Chen and Chen, 2009; Stegana (Steganina) langufoliacea Wu, Gao and Chen,
2010; Stegana (Steganina) melanostoma Chen and Chen, 2009; Stegana (Steganina) nigrolimbata Duda, 1924; Stegana (Steganina) ornatipes Wheeler and Takada, 1964;
Stegana (Steganina) reni Wang, Gao and Chen, 2010; Stegana (Steganina) tongi Wang, Gao and Chen, 2010; Stegana (Steganina) xui Wang, Gao and Chen, 2010; Stegana (Steganina) jianqinae sp. nov.; Stegana (Stegana) yangi sp. nov., and Stegana (Steganina) wulai sp. nov. Six recorded species
are redescribed based on new materials. The key to all species of the
genus Stegana in Taiwan is
presented. The DNA barcoding fragments of the mitochondrial COI gene are sequenced and used to
delineate species.
Conclusions: Among the 23 recorded
species, two most widely distributed species range across two
zoogeographic regions, and one occurs in both Taiwan and India. Five
species are insular species recorded from Taiwan and Japan. The
remaining 16 species are distributed in both Taiwan and southern
Mainland China. One montane species was collected at an elevation of
1,500 m. As a whole, this implies that Taiwanese Stegana fauna should
be largely of a Mainland China origin, probably as a consequence of the
east- and/or southward dispersals of the ancestral species during the
glacial epoch. The 20% (5/23) endemism at the genus level is comparable
to that of the family level at 63/320. It is notable that the Fujian
province, which is bordered by Guangdong to the south but isolated from
Taiwan by the 180-km-wide strait, has no species in common with
Guangdong and Taiwan. This may be due to insufficient drosophilid
faunal survey in these areas, especially for Fujian.
Key words: Barcoding; COI gene; Drosophilid; East Asia;
Fauna; Taxonomy.
*Correspondence: E-mail: hongweic@scau.edu.cn
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