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Vol. 54, 2015
Proteomic study of the brackish water mussel Mytilopsis leucophaeata
Feico MAH Schuurmans Stekhoven1*, Gerard van der Velde1,4, Tsung-Han Lee2 and Andrew R Bottrill3
1Department
of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud
University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The
Netherlands
2Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
3Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Laboratory,
Proteomics Facility, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester
LE1 9HN, UK
4Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517,2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
Abstract
Background: We encountered the opportunity to study proteochemically a brackish water invertebrate animal, Mytilopsis leucophaeata,
belonging to the bivalves which stem from the second half of the
Cambrian Period (about 510 million years ago). This way, we were able
to compare it with the vertebrate animal, the frilled shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineus) that stems from a much later period of geologic time (Permian: 245–286 MYA).
Results: The
mussel contains a well-adapted system of protein synthesis on the ER,
protein folding on the ER, protein trafficking via COPI or
clathrin-coated vesicles from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi and
plasmalemma, an equally well-developed system of actin filaments that
with myosin forms the transport system for vesicular proteins and
tubulin, which is also involved in ATP-driven vesicular protein
transport via microtubules or transport of chromosomes in mitosis and
meiosis. A few of the systems that we could not detect in M. leucophaeata in comparison with C. anguineus
are the synaptic vesicle cycle components as synaptobrevin, cellubrevin
(v-snare) and synaptosomal associated protein 25-A (t-snare), although
one component: Ras-related protein (O-Rab1) could be involved in
synaptic vesicle traffic. Another component that we did not find in M.
leucophaeata was Rab11 that is involved in the tubulovesicular
recycling process of H+/K+-ATPase in C. anguineus. We have not been able to trace the H+/K+-ATPase of M. leucophaeata, but Na+/K+-ATPase
was present. Furthermore, we have studied the increase of percent
protein expression between 1,070 MYA (the generation of the Amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum) and present (the generation of the mammal Sus scrofa =
wild boar). In this time span, three proteomic uprises did occur: 600
to 500 MYA, 47.5 to 4.75 MYA, and 1.4 to 0 MYA. The first uprise covers
the generation of bivalves, the second covers gold fish, chicken, brine
shrimp, house mouse, rabbit, Japanese medaka and Rattus norvegicus, and
the third covers cow, chimpanzee, Homo sapiens, dog, goat, Puccinia graminis
and wild boar. We hypothesise that the latter two uprises are related
to geological and climate changes and their compensation in protein
function expression.
Conclusions: The proteomic and evolutionary data demonstrate that M. leucophaeata is a highly educatioanal animal to study.
Key words: Mytilopsis leucophaeata; Proteomics; Localisation; Function and adaptation periods.
*Correspondence: E-mail: F.Stekhoven@gmail.com
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