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Vol. 59, 2020
(update: 2020.07.10; 08.05)
Special Issue:
Fossil and Modern Clam Shrimp (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata, Laevicaudata)
Phylogeny and Biogeography of
Spinicaudata (Crustacea: Branchiopoda)
Martin
Schwentner1,2,*, Nicolas Rabet3, Stefan Richter4,
Gonzalo Giribet5, Sameer Padhye6, Jean-François
Cart7, Céline Bonillo3, and D. Christopher Rogers8
doi:10.6620/ZS.2020.59-44
1Center
of Natural History, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
*Correspondence: E-mail: martin.schwentner@nhm-wien.ac.at (Schwentner)
2Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria
3Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d’Histoire
naturelle, Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA),
CNRS, IRD, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, CP26 75231, 43 rue
Cuvier Paris Cedex 05, France. E-mail: nicolas.rabet@mnhn.fr (Rabet),
celine.bonillo@mnhn.fr (Bonillo)
4Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Universität
Rostock, Rostock, Germany. E-mail: stefan.richter@uni-rostock.de
(Richter)
5Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of
Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA. E-mail: ggiribet@g.harvard.edu (Giribet)
6Systematics, Ecology & Conservation Lab, Zoo
Outreach Organization, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
sameer.m.padhye@gmail.com
(Padhye)
715 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 10400
Nogent-sur-Seine, France. Email: jfcart1@gmail.com (Cart)
8Kansas Biological Survey, and The Biodiversity
Institute, The University of Kansas, Higuchi Hall, 2101 Constant
Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047-3759, USA. E-mail: Branchiopod@gmail.com
(Rogers)
(Received 30 October 2019 / Accepted 9
March 2020)
Special issue (articles 32-46) communicated by Thomas A. Hegna and D.
Christopher Rogers
Spinicaudata
(spiny clam shrimp) is a taxon of Branchiopods occurring since the
Devonian and today it occurs nearly globally in temporary water bodies.
We present the most species-rich phylogenetic analyses of this taxon
based on four molecular loci: COI,
16S rRNA, EF1α and 28S rRNA. Our results support
previous findings that Cyzicidae sensu
lato is paraphyletic. To render Cyzicidae monophyletic we
establish a fourth extant spinicaudatan family to accommodate Eocyzicus. Within Cyzicidae, none
of the genera Cyzicus, Caenestheria
or Caenestheriella are
monophyletic, and the morphological characters used to define these
genera (condyle length and rostrum shape) are not associated with
well-delimited clades within Cyzicidae. There is insufficient
resolution to elucidate the relationships within Leptestheriidae.
However, there is sufficient evidence to show that the leptestheriid
genera Eoleptestheria and Leptestheria are non-monophyletic,
and there is no support for the genus Leptestheriella.
Molecular clock analyses suggest that the wide geographic distribution
of many spinicaudatan taxa across multiple continents is largely based
on vicariance associated with the break-up of Pangea and Gondwana.
Trans-oceanic dispersal has occurred in some taxa (e.g., Eulimnadia and within
Leptestheriidae) but has been relatively rare. Our results highlight
the need to revise the taxonomy of Cyzicidae and Leptestheriidae and
provide evidence that the global spinicaudatan diversity may be
underestimated due to the presence of numerous cryptic species. We
establish Eocyzicidae fam. nov. to accommodate the genus Eocyzicus.
Consequently, Cyzicidae comprises only two genera – Cyzicus and Ozestheria. Ozestheria occurs also in Africa
and Asia and Ozestheria pilosa
new comb. is assigned to this genus.
Key words: Clam shrimp, Caenestheria, Caenestheriella, Eocyzicidae,
Gondwana, Vicariance.
Citation: Schwentner M, Rabet N, Richter
S, Giribet G, Padhye S, Cart J, Bonillo C, Rogers DC. 2020. Phylogeny
and biogeography of Spinicaudata (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Zool Stud 59:44. doi:10.6620/ZS.2020.59-44.
Supplementary
Materials: Fig. S1
| Fig. S2 | Fig. S3 | Fig. S4 | Fig. S5 | Fig. S6 | Fig. S7 | Fig. S8 |
Fig. S9 | Fig. S10 | Fig. S11 | Fig. S12 | Fig. S13 | Fig. S14 | Table S1
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