Vol. 63, 2024

(update: 2024.9.4)

Population Genetics of the Deep-sea Acorn Barnacle Bathylasma hirsutum (Hoek, 1883) and the First Report of its Affiliation with a Hydrothermal Vent Field

¹German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), c/o Biozentrum Grindel, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. *Correspondence: E-mail: jenny.neuhaus@senckenberg.de (Neuhaus)
E-mail: saskia.brix-elsig@senckenberg.de (Brix)
²British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. E-mail: kl@bas.ac.uk (Linse)
³German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. E-mail: pedro.martinez@senckenberg.de (Arbizu)
⁴GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany. E-mail: jtaylor@geomar.de (Taylor)

(Received 1 December 2023 / Accepted 10 April 2024 / Published 4 September 2024)
Communicated by Benny K.K. Chan

Confined by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the European continental shelf, the deep-sea acorn barnacle Bathylasma hirsutum (Hoek, 1883) lives in the northeast Atlantic deep sea, where it has been frequently reported in high current areas. Cemented to a solid substrate during its entire adult life, the species can only disperse by means of planktotrophic nauplius larvae. This study reports on the occurrence, ecology and genetic connectivity of B. hirsutum from four sites within the northeastern Iceland Basin and presents the first record of the species living affiliated with hydrothermal vent field on the Reykjanes Ridge axis. Vent-associated specimens were found to differ extrinsically from their naturally shaded conspecifics by a prominent brown-black shell precipitate. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy revealed ferromanganese oxides to be the main component of these shell precipitates. Morphometric measurements of shell plates revealed specimens from the vent-associated habitat to be smaller compared to non-venting sites. Molecular species delimitation based on the mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF1 genetic markers aided species identification and revealed a low intraspecific genetic variability. Our findings suggest a pronounced genetic connectivity of B. hirsutum within the studied region and provide a first step towards a biogeographic study. As such, habitats of hydrothermal influence along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are discussed as possible niches, as are deep-sea basins in the western Atlantic. In light of the reported affiliation with hydrothermal activity, we elaborate on the potential for the sister species Bathylasma corolliforme (Hoek, 1883) and Bathylasma chilense Araya & Newman, 2018 to utilise equivalent habitats in the Antarctic and Pacific Ocean, respectively. Our record of the unacquainted ecological niche occupation for B. hirsutum emphasises the need for further research on bathylasmatid acorn barnacles along the extensive Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where many biological communities remain to be discovered.

Key words: Bathylasmatidae, Biogeography, Connectivity, Habitat expansion, Larval distribution

Citation: Neuhaus J, Linse K, Brix S, Martínez Arbizu P, Taylor J. 2024. Population genetics of the deep-sea acorn barnacle Bathylasma hirsutum (Hoek, 1883) and the first report of its affiliation with a hydrothermal vent field. Zool Stud 63:25. doi:10.6620/ZS.2024.63-25.

Supplementary materials: Table S1丨Table S2丨Table S3丨Table S4丨Table S5