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Vol. 63, 2024
(update: 2024.12.31)
Sponges (Demospongiae,
Poecilosclerida) from New Deep-sea Frontiers in the Southwestern
Atlantic: New Species, New Combinations and Taxonomic Remarks on Echinostylinos
Cristiana
Castello-Branco1,2,* and Eduardo Hajdu2
doi:10.6620/ZS.2024.63-46
1Smithsonian
Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th and Constitution
Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560-0163, United States of America
*Correspondence: E-mail: cristianacbranco@gmail.com (Castello-Branco)
2Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil. E-mail: eduardo.hajdu@gmail.com (Hajdu)
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22347C6C-25A7-4C08-B837-6107A821DC44
Received 15 September 2022 / Accepted 9 September 2024 / Published 31 December 2024
Communicated by Benny K.K. Chan
Echinostylinos
comprises 11 species, among which a single, recently reported record
for the South Atlantic. Here we propose two further new species from
this ocean basin. Echinostylinos iatapiuna sp. nov. (2300‒3200 m depth, São Paulo Ridge) and Echinostylinos abyssalis
sp. nov. (4008 m depth, São Paulo Ridge). The latter pushes the genus’
known distribution into the abyssal zone for the first time. The
morphologic variation observed in the microscleres of Echinostylinos is briefly discussed, motivating our proposal to transfer Echinostylinos glomeris (Topsent, 1904, as Esperiopsis) to Abyssocladia,
a stipitate or likely so, which compound with chelae of cleistochelae
morphology to point to the latter genus as its best assignment. An
identification key for Echinostylinos spp is offered (now 13). In addition, a new species of Chondrocladia is described, namely Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) trisigmata
sp. nov. (3250–3270 m depth, south of the Vitória-Trindade seamounts’
chain). Finally, some biogeographic considerations are made about
abyssal sponge records in the South Atlantic.
Key words: Porifera, Shinkai, MD55, Abyssal fauna, Bathyal fauna, Manned submersible, South Atlantic, Carnivorous sponges
Citation:
Castello-Branco C, Hajdu E. 2024. Sponges (Demospongiae,
Poecilosclerida) from new deep-sea frontiers in the southwestern
Atlantic: new species, new combinations and taxonomic remarks on Echinostylinos. Zool Stud 63:46. doi:10.6620/ZS.2024.63-46. doi:10.6620/ZS.2024.63-46.
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